For ΔEsys to always be-, what must be true?

Energy efficiency is the big deal these days. If nosotros use less free energy, not merely we relieve the energy but nosotros contribute towards lesser pollution too.

Later on all, the greenest free energy is the energy you do not have to produce.

As a responsible citizen of this earth, if I wish to utilize lesser free energy than I am using now at that place are few things I can practise.

• I tin run my car to lesser miles than I ran last month and so that I burn down less fuel. This can be past using a bicycle for the shorter distance or using shorter routes for the travel
• I can buy a machine which has ameliorate mileage than my nowadays car. And then fifty-fifty after running the same distance, I have now used less fuel than the last month.

Ship energy efficiency is not much different than this.

For a very long time, send energy efficiency was voluntary and ship owners were expected to understand their responsibleness towards free energy efficiency.

Yet, IMO felt a need to make the concept of "energy efficiency" as mandatory and thus the Annex Six of the MARPOL was amended to include chapter IV for transport energy efficiency.

In this post, we will discuss everything we need to know about the requirements of the ship free energy efficiency.

Let u.s.a. commencement.

Ship free energy efficiency

When we talk about energy efficiency, there are non one but many way by which this can be achieved.

Equally I used the case of using a motorcar.

We can buy a hybrid car. We can get the car serviced at regular interval so that it continues to be at its best at all times. And nosotros can use the car only when it is required.

All these are the ways for using our car in energy efficiency means.

For ship energy efficiency, the terms used may exist unlike but a parallel can be drawn with these examples.

Here is what the concept of ship free energy efficiency looks similar.

And so the ship energy efficiency is near these few terms

• Energy efficiency design index (EEDI)
• Ship energy efficiency direction plan (SEEMP)
• Energy efficiency operation index (EEOI)
• IMO Fuel oil consumption Information reporting

When a vessel complies with these requirements, the ship is issued a certificate named "International energy efficiency certificate".

Let usa discuss all these terms in detail.

EEDI (Energy efficiency pattern index)

With the concept of EEDI, the aim of the IMO is to accept the ships fitted with engines and equipments that are less polluting.

EEDI is the measure of the amount of CO2 emitted by the ship per capacity mile (tonne-mile).

Permit me explain the term "tonne-mile", only in case you accept not heard it before.

Tonne-mile is the unit of work washed by a ship.

Let united states say that a ship with deadweight 20000 T travels 2 NM.  It has done 40000 tonne-mile of work.

Now coming back to EEDI.

EEDI is the amount of CO2 emitted by the ship (in grams) per tonne-mile of work.

As the name suggests, EEDI is the tool that is used during the design or construction stage of the vessel.

If the ships need to exist energy efficient as desired by IMO, IMO need to provide two things

• The maximum value of EEDI required for the ship (Required EEDI)
• The actual value of EEDI attained for the ship (Attained EEDI)

Required EEDI

MARPOL Annex VI, Chapter 4, Regulation 21 provides the formula for the required EEDI.

As per this regulation

As you tin meet from the formula, at that place are ii key terms used

• Reference line value
• Reduction cistron

Understanding the calculation of reference line value is circuitous.

But if y'all wish to sympathize how the reference line value is calculated, you lot can go through the Resolution MEPC. 231(65): 2013 guidelines for calculation of reference lines for employ with the energy efficiency design index.

In brief, the reference line value is the role of

• Deadweight of the transport
• Type of send

Over the period of time, IMO wants to reduce the required EEDI value for the ships so that in future the ship's engines are fifty-fifty more energy efficient.

For this, the regulation uses the "reduction factor" in the calculation of the required EEDI in unlike phases.

We are at present in phase ane. This means that for whatever ship built today, the required EEDI value will be x% less than the reference line value (required EEDI value in phase 0).

Attained EEDI

We know what is required from the vessel (required EEDI) with respect to the free energy efficiency.

We at present need to know the actual EEDI value (Attained EEDI) of the ship.

And when we accept that value, the attained EEDI need to be less than the required EEDI.

Again the formula and process to calculate the attained EEDI are complex and we do not need to become in that direction in this blog.

But if you are interested to know virtually it you tin can go through the resolution MEPC.245(66) IMO Guidelines on the calculation of attained EEDI.

Here are few factors on which the bodily EEDI value of the ship (attained EEDI) would depend upon.

i. Specific fuel consumption of engines

For producing the aforementioned amount of power, if an engine uses less fuel it would exist more than free energy efficient equally it would emit less CO2 likewise.

Specific fuel consumption is the measure of fuel consumed for generating a unit of power.

And then attained EEDI would depend upon the specific Fuel consumption of ship's engines.

2. Type of fuel used

If the engines and other equipments work on fuel that produces less CO2, the vessel will exist more energy efficient and volition accept lower attained EEDI value.

3. The speed of the transport

If the ship makes more speed with the same amount of engine power, the ship will be more energy efficient.

Higher send's speeds mean lesser attained EEDI value.

4. Deadweight of the vessel

5. Innovative mechanical free energy efficient engineering used

If the ship uses some innovative engineering that reduces the wastage of the mechanical energy produced or that increases the efficiency of the engines, the ship would exist more energy efficient and hence will contribute towards lesser attained EEDI value.

Above are simply few factors and calculation of attained EEDI uses many other factors.

EEDI technical file

If we need to calculate the EEDI value for the engines fitted on board, many parameters related to these engines would be required.

All these parameters are provided in a booklet chosen "EEDI technical file".

Marpol Addendum Half-dozen, chapter 4 requires that each new send for which chapter 4 is applicable need to be provided with EEDI technical file.

EEDI technical file is first created during the design stage of the vessel. During the pattern stage, a model test is done and the EEDI is computed on the ground of that.

A verifier (usually classification club on behalf of the flag) witnesses the model examination, verifies the EEDI computation and reviews the initial EEDI technical file.

During actual ocean trials, the bodily parameters are measured and EEDI technical file is revised if required.

The attained EEDI value is also calculated based on this revised EEDI technical file.

Ship energy efficiency direction plan

EEDI deals with the hardware role of the energy efficiency.

With the concept of EEDI, the new ships volition now have free energy efficient equipments that would generate lesser CO2 to the environment.

But having the good equipments is not the simply fashion to be energy efficient.

There are many ways that are related to "how we operate the equipments and non on "What equipments we have".

For example, it is more free energy efficient to run two auxiliary engines at higher loads than run three auxiliary engines at lower loads.

Or it may be more energy efficient to take longer just good weather road than to take shorter but bad weather route.

There could be hundreds of proficient practices that can save fuel and thus emit less CO2 to the environment in transporting the same amount of cargo to the aforementioned distance.

SEEMP is the program of all such practices that can be performed to achieve better energy efficiency.

Send energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP) is a ship specific plan that provides a mechanism to ameliorate the energy efficiency of a ship in a price-effective way.

SEEMP has been made mandatory for all ships as per Marpol Annex 4, regulation 22.

MEPC 280(70) provides the guidelines on the evolution of send energy efficiency management plan.

SEEMP is divided into ii parts.

The first parts list the ship specific measures that accept been adopted by the company to improve energy efficiency.

It too defines the responsible person for each adopted energy efficiency measure.

Some of these measures could be…

Fuel efficient operations

SEEMP can provide the ship specific way in which the ship operations can be carried out in a fuel-efficient fashion.

Weather routing organisation

SEEMP may suggest the master to take into account the guidance provided by the weather routing services that the visitor has subscribed to.

Engine performance

A well-maintained engine would requite optimum efficiency and save fuel. SEEMP may suggest completing the PMS jobs of engines on time.

Boiler use management

The consumption of the auxiliary boiler is significant. By smartly managing the use of boiler, a significant corporeality of fuel can be saved.

Some companies take preferred to install electric heaters for fuel heating to farther reduce the demand for boiler and thus saving fuel.

SEEMP may provide the ship with specific ways to use the boiler efficiently.

Draft and trim optimization

With the same deadweight, a ship at different trim may consume a different amount of fuel. Many companies comport tests to get to know the optimum draft and trim for each ship.

SEEMP can propose the transport specific typhoon and trim to maintain (whenever possible) for less fuel consumption.

Propeller and hull inspection/cleaning

A clean propeller and clean hull offer lesser resistance and thus better fuel efficiency. SEEMP tin can include the plan for regular underwater hull inspections and cleaning of hull and propeller.

There could be hundreds of such measures that can contribute towards free energy efficiency of the vessel.

Out of these hundreds of bachelor measures, SEEMP function 1 need to define what all measures the company has adopted for that particular transport or fleet of ships.

Part ii of the SEEMP is applicable for the ships of 5000 GRT and more.

MARPOL Annex VI, regulation 22A requires that

From the calendar year 2019, each ship of v,000 gross tonnage and above shall collect the data specified in appendix 9 to the Addendum Half dozen of MARPOL, for that and each subsequent agenda year or portion thereof, as advisable, according to the methodology included in the SEEMP.

Below is the data that is required to exist collected and submitted to the IMO through flag land.

The data is uncomplicated and crave

• Blazon of fuel consumed (for example, Diesel oil / Heavy oil)
• Amount of each fuel consumed
• Altitude traveled
• Hours underway

SEEMP part 2 conspicuously provides the specific guidelines on how this data needs to be nerveless.

For example in the case of fuel consumption, SEEMP part two would need to define how the fuel consumption need to be measured?

Do ship staff need to use the menstruum meter readings to annotation downward the consumption?

Or practise they need to apply the opening stock + supply every bit per BDN – Closing stock to get the consumption?

The idea for the methodology of collecting data in SEEMP part 2 is to have the compatible way of collecting data.

EEOI (Energy efficiency operation Alphabetize)

SEEMP encourages the send managers to monitor the energy efficiency of their ships.

At that place could be many ways and tools to monitor the energy efficiency.

EEOI is 1 of such monitoring tool suggested by the IMO.  The use of EEOI every bit a monitoring tool is voluntary and transport managers can utilize any other monitoring tool if they wish.

In simplest of the terms, EEOI is the corporeality of CO2 emitted by the ship per ton-mile of work.

So, it is the ratio of the CO2 emitted to the ton-mile (amount of cargo x distance covered).

But we could merely know the amount of fuel consumed by the vessel. To know the amount of CO2 emitted from the fuel, we use "fuel mass to CO2 mass conversion factor".

Each type of fuel is given a conversion factor.

The corporeality of fuel consumed when multiplied by this conversion gene would give the CO2 emitted by use of that fuel.

And then the formula to calculate EEOI becomes…

EEOI is a voluntary tool for measuring the operational energy efficiency. IMO MEPC.ane/circ 684 Guidelines for voluntary use EEOI provides the guidelines for voluntary use of EEOI.

Most of the companies measure EEOI for each send and for each fleet every three months.

Companies may have set the KPI or a target for reducing the EEOI number of ships.

Difference between EEOI and EEDI

Both EEOI and EEDI measure out the same matter which is the free energy efficiency of the ship (the amount of CO2 emitted per tonne-mile).

So what is the difference between EEOI and EEDI?

This is one of the confusion that a lot of people have.

The difference between these two terms is that EEDI is the measure of free energy efficiency of the ship by design and EEOI is the measure out of how efficiently the ships are operated.

EEDI is how well (energy efficient) a ship is built.

EEOI is the measure of how well (energy efficient) a ship is operated.

Apart from that in the calculation of EEDI, the ship'due south summer deadweight is taken into account whereas EEOI calculates the CO2 emitted for actual cargo carried during that catamenia.

And so 2 sis ships will have the same EEDI equally all the equipments and parameters will be aforementioned for both the ships.

But each of these two sister ships may accept different EEOI. The reasons for dissimilar EEOI could be any of all of the following

• One ship'southward hull may be cleaner than the other transport
• Ane ship may be operating the equipments (such equally A/Es) when required and switch off when non in use or on lesser load
• One transport may be monitoring the weather more carefully and adjusting the speeds and load on the engine
• I ship may be using the trim optimization for better efficiency

In brusque, While the EEDI of two sister ships will be same but the EEOI for the sister ships may not exist aforementioned as both the ships may be operating in different means.

The one being operated in energy efficient way will have lesser EEOI for that period.

International energy efficiency document

As per MARPOL Annex VI regulation half dozen, an "International energy efficiency document" need to be issued to all ships of 400GRT and more.

This certificate is endorsing few facts.

One, if the required EEDI demand to be known (as it is non required for existing ships). If yes, then what is the required value of EEDI?

2d, if the attained EEDI demand to be known (as information technology is not required for existing ships). If yes, and then what is the attained EEDI value?

And finally, if the SEEMP and EEDI technical file are provided to the vessel.

Determination

The concept of ship energy efficiency is related to the emission of CO2.

There are four terms that define ship energy efficiency.

EEDI, SEEMP, EEOI and international free energy efficiency certificate.

Energy efficiency design index (EEDI) defines the free energy efficiency of the ship by design. It is the ratio of CO2 the ship would emit per ton-mile of the work done by the ship.

SEEMP is a ship specific plan that provides the ship specific measures that demand to be implemented for energy efficient operations.

Free energy efficient operation index (EEOI) is the voluntary monitoring tool provided by the IMO to measure and monitor the actual CO2 emission per ton-mile of transport work washed by the ship.

International energy efficiency certificate endorses the fact that the vessel complies with the energy efficiency regulations applicable to the send.

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